beings. And this appears to have been the case in the beginnings of every pastoral society. Accordingly, to cite but a few instances, the notion that animal sacrifice is accepted in lieu of an older sacrifice of the life of a man appears among the Hebrews, in the story of Isaac’s sacrifice,1 among the Phœnicians,2 among the Egyptians, where the victim was marked with a seal bearing the image of a man bound, and with a sword at his throat,3 and also among the Greeks, the Romans, and many other nations.